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FTP协议基础与连接原理
FTP（File Transfer Protocol）作为经典的文件传输协议，自1971年诞生以来持续影响着企业级数据传输体系，其核心架构包含客户端（FTP Client）与服务器（FTP Server）双端，通过TCP 21控制端口和20数据端口实现通信，在客户端侧，用户可通过命令行工具（如命令提示符）或图形界面软件（如FileZilla）发起连接，而服务器端则需要配置FTP服务模块（如vsftpd、ProFTPD等）。
值得注意的是,现代FTP系统已衍生出FTPS（FTP over SSL/TLS）、SFTP（SSH File Transfer Protocol）等安全版本，本文将重点解析传统FTP连接机制，同时对比分析其安全风险，为技术决策提供依据。
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标准FTP连接命令详解
基础连接命令集
ftp [服务器IP/域名] [端口]：直接指定连接参数，默认端口21。ftp -p 21 ftp.example.com
connect [服务器IP/域名] [端口]：Windows命令行专属命令，功能同上。open [用户名] [密码] [路径]：建立登录会话，支持路径预指定。
进阶操作命令
binary：切换文件传输模式为二进制，防止文本文件乱码。ASCII：适用于文本文件传输，但易受字符编码干扰。passive：启用被动模式，适用于NAT环境或防火墙限制场景。list：显示目录列表，配合-a参数显示隐藏文件。get [文件名]/put [文件名]：单文件传输指令，支持通配符（如get *.log）。lcd [本地路径]：更改客户端当前工作目录。cd [远程路径]：切换服务器端目录，支持绝对路径（/home/user）和相对路径（）。mkdir [目录名]：创建远程目录，需具备权限。rmdir [目录名]：删除空目录，支持递归删除（-r参数）。
特殊场景命令
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标签： #ftp连接服务器命令
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