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Kubernetes 负载均衡概述
负载均衡(Load Balancing)是一种将请求分发到多个服务器以实现高效处理的技术,在 Kubernetes 中,负载均衡是确保应用程序可以平稳运行的重要手段,Kubernetes 支持多种负载均衡方案,如四层负载均衡(TCP/UDP)和七层负载均衡(HTTP/HTTPS)。
Keepalived 负载均衡简介
Keepalived 是一款开源的 Linux 软件套件,用于实现 LVS(Linux Virtual Server)负载均衡功能,在 Kubernetes 集群中,Keepalived 可以实现高可用和负载均衡功能,提高集群的稳定性和性能。
Keepalived 负载均衡原理
1、工作原理
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Keepalived 基于 LVS 技术,通过 IP 转发(NAT)和 IP 转接(DR)两种模式实现负载均衡,NAT 模式适用于内网服务,而 DR 模式适用于外网服务。
2、工作流程
(1)客户端向负载均衡器发送请求;
(2)负载均衡器根据预设的规则将请求转发到后端服务器;
(3)后端服务器处理请求并返回响应;
(4)负载均衡器将响应转发给客户端。
Keepalived 负载均衡配置
1、部署 Keepalived
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(1)在 Kubernetes 集群中创建 Keepalived 服务的 YAML 文件:
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: keepalived labels: app: keepalived spec: ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 8080 selector: app: keepalived apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: keepalived spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: keepalived template: metadata: labels: app: keepalived spec: containers: - name: keepalived image: keepalived:latest ports: - containerPort: 80
(2)创建 Keepalived 配置文件:
创建 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 文件 cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0 } } EOF
2、部署 Keepalived
创建 keepalived 服务的 systemd 单元文件 cat > /etc/systemd/system/keepalived.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Keepalived After=network.target [Service] Type=forking User=root ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF 启动 Keepalived 服务并设置为开机自启 systemctl start keepalived systemctl enable keepalived
3、部署后端服务
(1)创建后端服务的 YAML 文件:
apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: my-service spec: ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 8080 selector: app: my-app apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: my-app template: metadata: labels: app: my-app spec: containers: - name: my-app image: my-app:latest ports: - containerPort: 8080
(2)应用配置
kubectl apply -f my-service.yaml kubectl apply -f my-app-deployment.yaml
Keepalived 负载均衡应用
1、验证 Keepalived 负载均衡
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使用curl
命令测试 Keepalived 负载均衡是否正常工作:
curl 192.168.1.100
2、调整负载均衡策略
Keepalived 支持多种负载均衡策略,如轮询(Round Robin)、最少连接(Least Connections)等,您可以通过修改 Keepalived 配置文件中的virtual_server
部分,设置所需的负载均衡策略。
Kubernetes Keepalived 负载均衡是一种高效、稳定的负载均衡方案,通过 Keepalived,您可以实现高可用和负载均衡功能,提高 Kubernetes 集群的稳定性和性能,在实际应用中,根据业务需求选择合适的负载均衡策略,优化集群性能。
标签: #k8s的负载均衡是什么
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